Abstract
Selective Mutism (SM) represents a multifaceted anxiety disorder primarily affecting children, with potential persistence into adulthood if unaddressed. This chapter delves into the intricate nature of SM, outlining its evolution from the term "elective mutism" to its current classification under anxiety disorders in DSM-5-TR. It highlights the onset in early childhood and its implications on social and academic functioning. This chapter explores the heterogeneity within SM, presenting various subtypes characterized by unique profiles of anxiety, oppositionality, and communication challenges. It advocates for a tailored approach to treatment, emphasizing cognitive and behavioral strategies tailored to individual subtypes. This chapter underscores the significance of school-based interventions, recommending collaborative efforts between educators and clinicians to support affected children. By integrating historical perspectives, diagnostic criteria, and contemporary research on subtypes and interventions, this chapter offers a comprehensive overview of SM, aiming to enhance awareness, diagnosis, and treatment.