Abstract
Just war theorists have recently introduced the category of jus ad vim to join the traditional categories of jus ad bellum and jus in bello. As the ‘just resort to force’, proponents of jus ad vim argue that this category is conceptually distinct from the issues of a just resort to full-scaled war and the just means of fighting war. Since many military engagements today fall short of full-scaled war, the question of what is a just resort to military measures short of war (MMSoW) is a pressing question for both just war theory and international law.